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pressure carburetor
A pressure carburetor is a type of fuel metering system manufactured by the Bendix Corporation for piston aircraft engines, starting in the 1940s. It is recognized as an early type of throttle-body fuel injection and was developed to prevent fuel starvation during inverted flight.
==Concept==
Most aircraft of the 1920s and 1930s had a float-type carburetor. They are adequate for civil aircraft which normally fly upright, but present a problem for aerobatic aircraft which fly upside-down or otherwise are subject to negative G, especially military fighters. In a float carburetor, the float operates a valve which keeps the fuel level in the carburetor consistent despite varying demands. If the mixture is too rich, the float rises and restricts the fuel flowing in to the float chamber. When the mixture leans, the float falls and allows more fuel in. However, since the float is dependent on gravity to function, the float behaves opposite of its intended design when the aircraft is inverted. It will further enrich a too-rich mixture, or further lean a too-lean mixture. Either condition will cause the engine to stop running. If an airplane equipped with a float-type carburetor is flown under zero-G or negative-G conditions, the fuel metering cannot be relied upon to create a mixture that can be ignited, and the engine will stop running. The problem was keenly felt by the RAF during the first years of the war, as the Rolls-Royce Merlin equipped Hurricanes and the Spitfires suffered this effect, unlike the direct fuel injection engines of their German counterparts. The problem was solved by installing a flow-restricted orifice that opened only when flying inverted or under negative-G conditions (the R.A.E. restrictor was known as "Miss Shilling's orifice"), but this was only a stopgap solution.
The pressure carburetor solves the problem by taking gravity out of the system as it operates on pressure alone. For this reason, the pressure carburetor will operate reliably in any flight attitude. The fact that a pressure carburetor operates on the principle of fuel under positive pressure makes it a form of fuel injection.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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